I was following Erik Cortina's load development method and it goes as follows: 1. load for combustion (low ES), 2. next shoot for optimum barrel harmonics and 3. verify with external ballistics.
So - if your loads have a low ES but big groups, adjust seating depth or use a barrel tuner.
If you are shooting small groups but big ES - adjust your charge, powder, primer etc (improper combustion)
If your groups don't maintain consistency at longer ranges it is caused by projectile variance.
He makes it sound so easy and really it is. I just got done doing this process with my inexpensive stock 6 ARC Savage Axis 2 Pro and I'm shooting consistent sub 1/2 MOA groups @ 100 yds where I shoot locally. I will soon be heading out to the range that has a 300 yd range to test at distance.