Well then, can we surmise the chamber end heat will then be transferred to the muzzle end quicker than normal; thus ever so slightly helping the throat to last longer?
You could surmise anything you prefer, but I can't imagine why one would surmise what you've suggested.
The distance heat must travel to be transferred is just as big of an impediment to efficient heat transfer as a lower thermal conductivity coefficient. Travelling down the spiraling carbon fiber length over the 18-24 inches of straight barrel length, is a long distance for efficient heat transfer, compared to transverse heat transfer from the bore radially to the surface of the carbon fiber.
The shortest distance between two points is a straight line. Carbon fiber wrapped barrel fibers I own aren't wrapped in a straight line. Spiral wrapped from the chamber to the muzzle. This greatly increases the heat transfer distance down the length of the fibers. So for those who contend the heat transfers very efficiently down the length of the fibers? Well it better transfer more than 100 times more efficiently, because that's how much greater that distance is than the distance from the bore surface to the exterior adjacent surface.
The improved thermal conductivity coefficient for carbon fiber that would be most helpful is in the radial direction, where the heat only travels less than 1/2" from the surface of the steel bore to the surface of the outer carbon fiber wrap. I've never heard of improved carbon fiber conductivity coefficient transverse to the carbon fibers.
Worse yet, all the carbon fiber is embedded in epoxy. The heat also has to travel thru that epoxy, which has a worse thermal conductivity than plain barrel steel.
If anyone's pet carbon fiber barrel transfers heat better than all steel barrels, I'm happy for the associated peace of mind.