Phorwath,
Not sure what is implies by the comment "emperical testing", but I am only offering what I have actually seen in real world testing and comparision with many different calibers using the same capacity with different bullet weights. I have tested the following and all have resulted in very similiar results.
260 Rem vs 7mm08
7mm08 vs 308
6.5-06 vs 270 Win
270 Win vs 30-06
270 WSM vs 300 WSM
300 WSM vs 338 WSM
7mm RUM vs 300 RUM
300 RUM vs 338-300 RUM(Edge)
30-378 vs 338-378
7mm Allen Mag vs 300 Allen Xpress
300 Wby vs 340 Wby
In every case, when using same weight bullets the larger caliber produced significantly more velocity when loaded to what appeared to be similar chamber pressures which would back up what you and Dave are saying as well as what I have been saying.
But also, in every case, when using bullets in each example with similiar sectional densities and similiar bullet construction, resulting velocity output between the different caliber rounds was very similiar which leads me to believe that using sectional density as a comparitive number between same capacity rounds with different bore diameters offers more accurate comparisions between to very different caliber bullets.
Sectional density is also very useful when comparing or predicting terminal performance as well between bullets of different calibers but similiar construction.
For instance, a 250 gr Nosler parition in 338 loaded to 2700 fps will penetrate nearly identically to a 300 gr 375 cal nosler partition when driven to the same 2700 fps.
All I am saying is that Sectional density can be used much more effectively to compare bullets of different calibers as far as internal ballistics and terminal performance are concerned.
Not obviously if you take a 250 gr Sierra Matchking in a 338 Edge and compare it to a 300 gr Barnes X bullet in the 375 RUM, the results will be much different because even though your comparing two bullets with similiar sectional densities, they have dramatically different structure design.
When using Sectional density as a tool to compare internal ballistic performance and terminal performance, we MUST be comparing bullets of similiar construction or there will be no validity in the comparision at all.
Anyway, just what I am seeing in my testing.
As far as the larger caliber bullets being pushed harder in the rear by 60,000 PSI, that may well be a fact. It is also a fact that that pressure behind the 338 cal bullet will drop at a much high rate then the pressure behind the 7mm bullet in your comparision. As such, if you do not use a faster burning powder to compensate for the much higher expansion ratio, the performance of the larger caliber bullet will suffer greatly.
Again, with the 7mm bullet, if you use to fast of a burn rate of powder you will develope extreme pressure spikes which will be dangerous.
All I am saying is that when you compare same capacity rounds, you really should be comparing same or similiar sectional density bullets to get an honest idea of what each one will do with that specific bullet weight in each.
Again, comparing apples to apples as much as possible.
Kirby Allen(50)