Re: Bird \"plinking\" fyi
I was not responding to any particular person or situation, but I have seen several postings on various boards in the last couple of weeks, so it was just an fyi to help people avoid problems which might have more severe consequences than they could ever dream. As for crows, they are on the list of "migratory species" as defined by the federal regulations. The government can provide for waivers for listed species under certain circumstances and they may have for certain areas or even whole states, so I am not saying there is a problem, just double check with your state agency that regulates hunting to avoid any issues. I am not opinining on the laws of any particular state other than just trying to raise awareness. The groups that seems to get folks into trouble most are illegal dove and duck hunting, followed by shooting raptors - hawks, owls, eagles, and osprey. Just leave the raptors alone. The basic rule is that everything on the list is protected and may not be killed unless specific permission is given which is how the listed gamebirds are handled. The feds give authority to hunt those under specific grants of permission consistent with federal and state regulations. One point of legal history that everyone might find of interest. Wildlife historically was viewed as belonging to the king and only he could grant the authority to take game belonging to the Crown. Thus evolved the concept of paying a fee for a license to take game. In the U.S., the concept continues with the wildlife belonging to the public state instead of the Crown, but thus the concept of a hunting license continues on. We pay the public state for the permission to take public game. Hunting is a privilege granted to a citizen, not a right.
For everyone's convenience, I am attaching the list of migratory species protected by the Migratory Bird Act.
50 C.F.R. § 10.13
Code of Federal Regulations Currentness
Title 50. Wildlife and Fisheries
Chapter I. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior
Subchapter B. Taking, Possession, Transportation, Sale, Purchase, Barter, Exportation, and Importation of Wildlife and Plants
Part 10. General Provisions (Refs & Annos)
Subpart B. Definitions
§ 10.13 List of Migratory Birds.
The following is a list of all species of migratory birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-711) and subject to the regulations on migratory birds contained in this Subchapter B of Title 50 CFR. The species listed are those protected by the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, United States-Great Britain (on behalf of Canada), 39 Stat. 1702, T.S. No. 628; the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, United States-Mexico, 50 Stat. 1311, T.S. No. 912; the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, United States-Japan, 25 U.S.T. 3329, T.I.A.S. No. 7990; and the Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment, United States-U.S.S.R., November 26, 1976, 92 Stat. 3110, T.I.A.S. 9073, 16 U.S.C. 703, 712. The species are listed two ways. In the first part of the List species are arranged alphabetically by English (common) name groups, with the scientific name following the English (common) name. All species of ducks are listed together under the heading "Ducks". In the second part of the List, species are listed by scientific name arranged in taxonomic order. Taxonomy and nomenclature follows the American Ornithologists' Union's Check-list of North American Birds (6th Edition, 1983).
I. Alphabetical Listing
Accentor, Siberian, Prunella montanella
Albatross:
Black-footed, Diomedea nigripes
Laysan, Diomedea immutabilis
Short-tailed, Diomedea albatrus
Yellow-nosed, Diomedea chlororhynchos
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Ani:
Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris
Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani
Auklet:
Cassin's, Ptychoramphus aleuticus
Crested, Aethia cristatella
Least, Aethia pusilla
Parakeet, Cyclorrhynchus psittacula
Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata
Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea
Avocet, American, Recurvirostra americana
Barn-Owl, Common, Tyto alba
Beardless-Tyrannulet, Northern, Camptostoma imberbe
Becard, Rose-throated, Pachyramphus aglaiae
Bittern:
American, Botaurus lentiginosus
Chinese, Ixobrychus sinensis
Least, Ixobrychus exilis
Schrenk's, Ixobrychus eurhythmus
Black-Hawk, Common, Buteogallus anthracinus
Blackbird:
Brewer's, Euphagus cyanocephalus
Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus
Rusty, Euphagus carolinus
Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius humeralis
Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor
Yellow-headed, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus
Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius xanthomus
Bluebird:
Eastern, Sialia sialis
Mountain, Sialia currucoides
Western, Sialia mexicana
Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus
Booby:
Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii
Brown, Sula leucogaster
Masked, Sula dactylatra
Red-footed, Sula sula
Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla
Brant, Branta bernicla
Bufflehead (see DUCKS)
Bullfinch:
Eurasian, Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Puerto Rican, Loxigilla portoricensis
Bunting:
Indigo, Passerina cyanea
Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys
Lazuli, Passerina amoena
McKay's, Plectrophenax hyperboreus
Painted, Passerina ciris
Reed (see Reed-Bunting)
Rustic, Emberiza rustica
Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis
Varied, Passerina versicolor
Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus
Canvasback (see DUCKS)
Caracara, Crested, Polyborus plancus
Cardinal, Northern, Cardinalis cardinalis
Carib, Green-throated, Eulampis holosericeus
Catbird, Gray, Dumetella carolinensis
Chat, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens
Chickadee (see Tit):
Black-capped, Parus atricapillus
Boreal, Parus hudsonicus
Carolina, Parus carolinensis
Chestnut-backed, Parus rufescens
Mexican, Parus sclateri
Mountain, Parus gambeli
Chuck-will's-widow, Caprimulgus carolinensis
Condor, California, Gymnogyps californianus
Coot:
American, Fulica americana
Caribbean, Fulica caribaea
Eurasian, Fulica atra
Cormorant:
Brandt's, Phalacrocorax penicillatus
Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus
Great, Phalacrocorax carbo
Olivaceous, Phalacrocorax olivaceus
Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus
Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile
Cowbird:
Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus
Brown-headed, Molothrus ater
Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis
Crake:
Corn, Crex crex
Yellow-breasted, Porzana flaviventer
Crane:
Common, Grus grus
Sandhill, Grus canadensis
Whooping, Grus americana
Creeper, Brown, Certhia americana
Crossbill:
Red, Loxia curvirostra
White-winged, Loxia leucoptera
Crow:
American, Corvus brachyrhynchos
Fish, Corvus ossifragus
Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis
Mexican, Corvus imparatus
Northwestern, Corvus caurinus
White-necked, Corvus leucognaphalus
Cuckoo:
Black-billed, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Common, Cuculus canorus
Hawk (see Hawk-Cuckoo)
Lizard (see Lizard-Cuckoo)
Mangrove, Coccyzus minor
Oriental, Cuculus saturatus
Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus
Curlew (see Whimbrel):
Bristle-thighed, Numenius tahitiensis
Eskimo, Numenius borealis
Far Eastern, Numenius madagascariensis
Least, Numenius minutus
Long-billed, Numenius americanus
Dickcissel, Spiza americana
Dipper, American, Cinclus mexicanus
Dotterel, Eurasian, Charadrius morinellus
Dove:
Ground (see Ground-Dove)
Inca, Columbina inca
Mourning, Zenaida macroura
Quail (see Quail-Dove)
White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi
White-winged, Zenaida asiatica
Zenaida, Zenaida aurita
Dovekie, Alle alle
Dowitcher:
Long-billed, Limnodromus scolopaceus
Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus
Ducks
American Black Duck, Anas rubripes
Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola
Canvasback, Aythya valisineria
Eider:
Common, Somateria mollissima
King, Somateria spectabilis
Spectacled, Somateria fischeri
Steller's, Polysticta stelleri
Gadwall, Anas strepera
Garganey, Anas querquedula
Goldeneye:
Barrow's, Bucephala islandica
Common, Bucephala clangula
Harlequin Duck, Histrionicus histrionicus
Hawaiian Duck, Anas wyvilliana
Laysan Duck, Anas laysanensis
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos
Masked Duck, Oxyura dominica
Merganser:
Common, Mergus merganser
Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus
Red-breasted, Mergus serrator
Mottled Duck, Anas fulvigula
Oldsquaw, Clangula hyemalis
Pintail:
Northern, Anas acuta
White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis
Pochard:
Baer's, Aythya baeri
Common, Aythya ferina
Redhead, Aythya americana
Ring-necked Duck, Aythya collaris
Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
Scaup:
Greater, Aythya marila
Lesser, Aythya affinis
Scoter:
Black, Melanitta nigra
Surf, Melanitta perspicillata
White-winged, Melanitta fusca
Shoveler, Northern, Anas clypeata
Smew, Mergellus albellus
Teal:
Baikal, Anas formosa
Blue-winged, Anas discors
Cinnamon, Anas cyanoptera
Falcated, Anas falcata
Green-winged, Anas crecca
Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula
Whistling-Duck:
Black-bellied, Dendrocygna autumnalis
Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor
West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea
Wigeon:
American, Anas americana
Eurasian, Anas penelope
Wood Duck, Aix sponsa
End of Ducks
Dunlin, Calidris alpina
Eagle:
Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Golden, Aquila chrysaetos
Sea (see Sea-Eagle)
White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla
Egret:
Cattle, Bubulcus ibis
Chinese, Egretta eulophotes
Great, Casmerodius albus
Plumed, Egretta intermedia
Reddish, Egretta rufescens
Snowy, Egretta thula
Eider (see DUCKS)
Elaenia, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica
Emerald, Puerto Rican, Chlorostilbon maugaeus
Euphonia, Antillean, Euphonia musica
Falcon:
Aplomado, Falco femoralis
Peregrine, Falco peregrinus
Prairie, Falco mexicanus
Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris
Finch:
Cassin's, Carpodacus cassinii
House, Carpodacus mexicanus
Purple, Carpodacus purpureus
Rosy, Leucosticte arctoa
Flamingo, Greater, Phoenicopterus ruber
Flicker, Northern, Colaptes auratus
Flycatcher:
Acadian, Empidonax virescens
Alder, Empidonax alnorum
Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens
Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus
Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons
Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri
Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer
Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana
Gray, Empidonax wrightii
Gray-spotted, Muscicapa griseisticta
Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus
Hammond's, Empidonax hammondii
Least, Empidonax minimus
Narcissus, Muscicapa narcissina
Nutting's, Myiarchus nuttingi
Olive-sided, Contopus borealis
Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum
Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus
Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes luteiventris
Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus
Western, Empidonax difficilis
Willow, Empidonax traillii
Yellow-bellied, Empidonax flaviventris
Frigatebird:
Great, Fregata minor
Magnificent, Fregata magnificens
Lesser, Fregata ariel
Fulmar, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis
Gadwall (see DUCKS)
Gallinule, Purple, Porphyrula martinica
Gannet, Northern, Sula bassanus
Garganey (see DUCKS)
Gnatcatcher:
Black-capped, Polioptila nigriceps
Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura
Blue-gray, Polioptila caerulea
Godwit:
Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica
Black-tailed, Limosa limosa
Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica
Marbled, Limosa fedoa
Golden-Plover, Lesser, Pluvialis dominica
Goldeneye (see DUCKS)
Goldfinch:
American, Carduelis tristis
Lawrence's, Carduelis lawrencei
Lesser, Carduelis psaltria
Goose:
Barnacle, Branta leucopsis
Bean, Anser fabalis
Canada, Branta canadensis
Emperor, Chen canagica
Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons
Hawaiian, Nesochen sandvicensis
Ross', Chen rossii
Snow, Chen caerulescens
Goshawk, Northern, Accipiter gentilis
Grackle:
Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major
Common, Quiscalus quiscula
Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus
Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger
Grasshopper-Warbler, Middendorff's, Locustella ochotensis
Grassquit:
Black-faced, Tiaris bicolor
Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivacea
Grebe:
Eared, Podiceps nigricollis
Horned, Podiceps auritus
Least, Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps
Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena
Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis
Greenfinch, Oriental, Carduelis sinica
Greenshank, Common, Tringa nebularia
Grosbeak:
Black-headed, Pheucticus melanocephalus
Blue, Guiraca caerulea
Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis celaeno
Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus
Pine, Pinicola enucleator
Rose-breasted, Pheucticus ludovicianus
Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus
Ground-Dove:
Common, Columbina passerina
Ruddy, Columbina talpacoti
Guillemot:
Black, Cepphus grylle
Pigeon, Cepphus columba
Gull:
Bonaparte's, Larus philadelphia
California, Larus californicus
Common Black-headed, Larus ridibundus
Franklin's, Larus pipixcan
Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus
Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens
Great Black-backed, Larus marinus
Heermann's, Larus heermanni
Herring, Larus argentatus
Iceland, Larus glaucoides
Ivory, Pagophila eburnea
Laughing, Larus atricilla
Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus
Little, Larus minutus
Mew, Larus canus
Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis
Ross', Rhodostethia rosea
Sabine's, Xema sabini
Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus
Thayer's, Larus thayeri
Western, Larus occidentalis
Yellow-footed, Larus livens
Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus
Harrier, Northern, Circus cyaneus
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Hawk:
Asiatic Sparrow, Accipiter gularis
Black (see Black-Hawk)
Broad-winged, Buteo platypterus
Cooper's, Accipiter cooperii
Ferruginous, Buteo regalis
Gray, Buteo nitidus
Harris', Parabuteo unicinctus
Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius
Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus
Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis
Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus
Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus
Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus
Swainson's, Buteo swainsoni
White-tailed, Buteo albicaudatus
Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus
Hawk-Cuckoo, Hodgson's, Cuculus fugax
Hawk-Owl, Northern, Surnia ulula
Heron:
Great Blue, Ardea herodias
Green-backed, Butorides striatus
Little Blue, Egretta caerulea
Night (see Night-Heron)
Pacific Reef, Egretta sacra
Tricolored, Egretta tricolor
Hoopoe, Upupa epops
House-Martin, Common, Delichon urbica
Hummingbird (see Carib, Emerald, Mango, Starthroat, Woodstar, Violet-ear):
Allen's, Selasphorus sasin
Anna's, Calypte anna
Antillean Crested, Orthorhynchus cristatus
Berylline, Amazilia beryllina
Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri
Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae
Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris
Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus
Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis
Calliope, Stellula calliope
Costa's, Calypte costae
Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer
Magnificent, Eugenes fulgens
Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris
Rufous, Selasphorus rufus
Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps
White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis
Ibis:
Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus
Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber
White, Eudocimus albus
White-faced, Plegadis chihi
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria
Jacana, Northern, Jacana spinosa
Jaeger:
Long-tailed, Stercorarius longicaudus
Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus
Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus
Jay:
Blue, Cyanocitta cristata
Brown, Cyanocorax morio
Gray, Perisoreus canadensis
Gray-breasted, Aphelocoma ultramarina
Green, Cyanocorax yncas
Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
Scrub, Aphelocoma coerulescens
Steller's, Cyanocitta stelleri
Junco:
Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis
Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus
Kestrel:
American, Falco sparverius
Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
Kingbird:
Cassin's, Tyrannus vociferans
Couch's, Tyrannus couchii
Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus
Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis
Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus
Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris
Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus
Western, Tyrannus verticalis
Kingfisher:
Belted, Ceryle alcyon
Green, Chloroceryle americana
Ringed, Cyeryle torquata
Kinglet:
Golden-crowned, Regulus satrapa
Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula
Kiskadee, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus
Kite:
American Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus
Black, Milvus migrans
Black-shouldered, Elanus caeruleus
Hook-billed, Chondrohierax uncinatus
Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis
Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis
Kittiwake:
Black-legged, Larus tridactyla
Red-legged, Larus brevirostris
Knot:
Great, Calidris tenuirostris
Red, Calidris canutus
Lapwing, Northern, Vanellus vanellus
Lark, Horned, Eremophila alpestris
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna
Lizard-Cuckoo, Puerto Rican, Saurothera vieilloti
Longspur:
Chestnut-collared, Calcarius ornatus
Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus
McCown's, Calcarius mccownii
Smith's, Calcarius pictus
Loon:
Arctic, Gavia arctica
Common, Gavia immer
Red-throated, Gavia stellata
Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii
Magpie:
Black-billed, Pica pica
Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli
Mallard (see DUCKS)
Mango:
Antillean, Anthracothorax dominicus
Green, Anthracothorax viridis
Martin:
Caribbean, Progne dominicensis
Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca
Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea
House (see House-Martin)
Purple, Progne subis
Meadowlark:
Eastern, Sturnella magna
Western, Sturnella neglecta
Merganser (see DUCKS)
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Mockingbird, Northern, Mimus polyglottos
Moorhen, Common, Gallinula chloropus
Murre:
Common, Uria aalge
Thick-billed, Uria lomvia
Murrelet:
Ancient, Synthliboramphus antiquus
Craveri's, Synthliboramphus craveri
Kittlitz's, Brachyramphus brevirostris
Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus
Xantus', Synthliboramphus hypoleucus
Needletail, White-throated, Hirundapus caudacutus
Night-Heron:
Black-crowned, Nycticorax nycticorax
Japanese, Nycticorax goisagi
Malay, Nycticorax melanolophus
Yellow-crowned, Nycticorax violaceus
Nighthawk:
Antillean, Chordeiles gundlachii
Common, Chordeiles minor
Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis
Nightjar:
Buff-collared, Caprimulgus ridgwayi
Jungle, Caprimulgus indicus
Puerto Rican, Caprimulgus noctitherus
Noddy:
Black, Anous minutus
Blue-gray, Procelsterna cerulea
Brown, Anous stolidus
Lesser, Anous tenuirostris
Nutcracker, Clark's, Nucifraga columbiana
Nuthatch:
Brown-headed, Sitta pusilla
Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea
Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis
White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis
Oldsquaw (see DUCKS)
Oriole:
Altamira, Icterus gularis
Audubon's, Icterus graduacauda
Black-cowled, Icterus dominicensis
Black-vented, Icterus wagleri
Hooded, Icterus cucullatus
Northern, Icterus galbula
Orchard, Icterus spurius
Scott's, Icterus parisorum
Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus
Owl:
Barn (see Barn-Owl)
Barred, Strix varia
Boreal, Aegolius funereus
Burrowing, Athene cunicularia
Elf, Micrathene whitneyi
Flammulated, Otus flammeolus
Great Gray, Strix nebulosa
Great Horned, Bubo virginianus
Hawk (see Hawk-Owl)
Long-eared, Asio otus
Pygmy (see Pygmy-Owl)
Saw-whet (see Saw-Whet Owl)
Screech (see Screech-Owl)
Short-eared, Asio flammeus
Snowy, Nyctea scandiaca
Spotted, Strix occidentalis
Oystercatcher:
American, Haematopus palliatus
Black, Haematopus bachmani
Parula:
Northern, Parula americana
Tropical, Parula pitiayumi
Pauraque, Common, Nyctidromus albicollis
Pelican:
American White, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos
Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis
Petrel:
Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata
Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca
Bulwer's, Bulweria bulwerii
Cook's, Pterodroma cookii
Dark-rumped, Pterodroma phaeopygia
Herald, Pterodroma arminjoniana
Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta
Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata
Murphy's, Pterodroma ultima
Storm (see Storm-Petrel)
White-necked, Pterodroma externa
Pewee:
Greater, Contopus pertinax
Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris
Wood (see Wood-Pewee)
Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens
Phalarope:
Red, Phalaropus fulicaria
Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus
Wilson's, Phalaropus tricolor
Phoebe:
Black, Sayornis nigricans
Eastern, Sayornis phoebe
Say's, Sayornis saya
Pigeon:
Band-tailed, Columba fasciata
Plain, Columba inornata
Red-billed, Columba flavirostris
Scaly-naped, Columba squamosa
White-crowned, Columba leucocephala
Pintail (see DUCKS)
Pipit:
Pechora, Anthus gustavi
Red-throated, Anthus cervinus
Sprague's, Anthus spragueii
Tree (see Tree-Pipit)
Water, Anthus spinoletta
Plover:
Black-bellied, Pluvialis squatarola
Common Ringed, Charadrius hiaticula
Golden (see Golden-Plover)
Great Sand, Charadrius leschenaultii
Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius
Mongolian, Charadrius mongolus
Mountain, Charadrius montanus
Piping, Charadrius melodus
Semipalmated, Charadrius semipalmatus
Snowy, Charadrius alexandrinus
Wilson's, Charadrius wilsonia
Pochard (see DUCKS)
Poorwill, Common, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii
Puffin:
Atlantic, Fratercula arctica
Horned, Fratercula corniculata
Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata
Pygmy-Owl:
Ferruginous, Glaucidium brasilianum
Northern, Glaucidium gnoma
Pyrrhuloxia, Cardinalis sinuatus
Quail-Dove:
Bridled, Geotrygon mystacea
Key West, Geotrygon chrysia
Ruddy, Geotrygon montana
Rail:
Black, Laterallus jamaicensis
Clapper, Rallus longirostris
King, Rallus elegans
Sora (see Sora)
Virginia, Rallus limicola
Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis
Raven:
Chihuahuan, Corvus cryptoleucus
Common, Corvus corax
Razorbill, Alca torda
Redhead (see DUCKS)
Redpoll:
Common, Carduelis flammea
Hoary, Carduelis hornemanni
Redshank, Spotted, Tringa erythropus
Redstart:
American, Setophaga ruticilla
Painted, Myioborus pictus
Slaty-throated, Myioborus miniatus
Reed-Bunting:
Common, Emberiza schoeniculus
Pallas', Emberiza pallasi
Roadrunner, Greater, Geococcyx californianus
Robin:
American, Turdus migratorius
Clay-colored, Turdus grayi
Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus
Rosefinch, Common, Carpodacus erythrinus
Rough-winged Swallow, Northern, Stelgidopteryx serripennis
Rubythroat, Siberian, Luscinia calliope
Ruff, Philomachus pugnax
Sanderling, Calidris alba
Sandpiper:
Baird's, Calidris bairdii
Broad-billed, Limicola falcinellus
Buff-breasted, Tryngites subruficollis
Common, Actitis hypoleucos
Curlew, Calidris ferruginea
Least, Calidris minutilla
Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis
Pectoral, Calidris melanotos
Purple, Calidris maritima
Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis
Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla
Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata
Solitary, Tringa solitaria
Spoonbill, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus
Spotted, Actitis macularia
Stilt, Calidris himantopus
Terek, Xenus cinereus
Upland, Bartramia longicauda
Western, Calidris mauri
White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis
Wood, Tringa glareola
Sapsucker:
Red-breasted, Sphyrapicus ruber
Williamson's, Sphyrapicus thyroideus
Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius
Saw-whet Owl, Northern, Aegolius acadicus
Scaup (see DUCKS)
Scoter (see DUCKS)
Screech-Owl:
Eastern, Otus asio
Puerto Rican, Otus nudipes
Western, Otus kennicottii
Whiskered, Otus trichopsis
Sea-Eagle, Steller's, Haliaeetus pelagicus
Seedeater, White-collared, Sporophila torqueola
Shearwater:
Audubon's, Puffinus lherminieri
Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas
Buller's, Puffinus bulleri
Christmas, Puffinus nativitatus
Cory's, Calonectris diomedea
Flesh-footed, Puffinus carneipes
Greater, Puffinus gravis
Little, Puffinus assimilis
Manx, Puffinus puffinus
Pink-footed, Puffinus creatopus
Short-tailed, Puffinus tenuirostris
Sooty, Puffinus griseus
Townsend's, Puffinus auricularis
Wedge-tailed, Puffinus pacificus
Shoveler (see DUCKS)
Shrike:
Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus
Northern, Lanius excubitor
Siskin, Pine, Carduelis pinus
Skimmer, Black, Rhynchops niger
Skua:
Great, Catharacta skua
South Polar, Catharacta maccormicki
Skylark, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis
Smew (see DUCKS)
Snipe:
Common, Gallinago gallinago
Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus
Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura
Swinhoe's, Gallinago megala
Solitaire, Townsend's, Myadestes townsendi
Sora, Porzana carolina
Sparrow:
American Tree, Spizella arborea
Bachman's, Aimophila aestivalis
Baird's, Ammodramus bairdii
Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis
Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata
Botteri's, Aimophila botterii
Brewer's, Spizella breweri
Cassin's, Aimophila cassinii
Chipping, Spizella passerina
Clay-colored, Spizella pallida
Field, Spizella pusilla
Five-striped, Amphispiza quinquestriata
Fox, Passerella iliaca
Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia atricapilla
Grasshopper, Ammodramus savannarum
Harris', Zonotrichia querula
Henslow's, Ammodramus henslowii
Lark, Chondestes grammacus
Le Conte's, Ammodramus leconteii
Lincoln's, Melospiza lincolnii
Olive, Arremenops rufivirgatus
Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruificeps
Rufous-winged, Aimophila carpalis
Sage, Amphispiza belli
Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis
Seaside, Ammodramus maritimus
Sharp-tailed, Ammodramus caudacutus
Song, Melospiza melodia
Swamp, Melospiza georgiana
Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus
White-crowned, Zonotrichia leucophrys
White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis
Worthen's, Spizella wortheni
Spoonbill, Roseate, Ajaia ajaja
Starling:
Ashy, Sturnus cineraceus
Violet-backed, Sturnus philippensis
Starthroat, Plain-capped, Heliomaster constantii,
Stilt, Black-necked, Himantopus mexicanus
Stint:
Little, Calidris minuta
Long-toed, Calidris subminuta
Rufous-necked, Calidris ruficollis
Temminck's, Calidris temminckii
Stork, Wood, Mycteria americana
Storm-Petrel:
Ashy, Oceanodroma homochroa
Band-rumped, Oceanodroma castro
Black, Oceanodroma melania
Fork-tailed, Oceanodroma furcata
Leach's, Oceanodroma leucorhoa
Least, Oceanodroma microsoma
Sooty, Oceanodroma tristrami
Wedge-rumped, Oceanodroma tethys
White-faced, Pelagadroma marina
Wilson's, Oceanites oceanicus
Surfbird, Aphriza virgata
Swallow:
Bahama, Tachycineta cyaneoviridis
Bank, Riparia riparia
Barn, Hirundo rustica
Cave, Hirundo fulva
Cliff, Hirundo pyrrhonota
Rough-winged (see Rough-winged Swallow)
Tree, Tachycineta bicolor
Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina
Swan:
Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator
Tundra, Cygnus columbianus
Whooper, Cygnus cygnus
Swift:
Antillean Palm, Tachornis pheonicobia
Black, Cypseloides niger
Chimney, Chaetura pelagica
Common, Apus apus
Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus
Needle-tailed (see Needletail)
Vaux's, Chaetura vauxi
White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris
White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis
Tanager:
Hepatic, Piranga flava
Puerto Rican, Neospingus speculiferus
Scarlet, Piranga olivacea
Stripe-headed, Spindalis zena
Summer, Piranga rubra
Western, Piranga ludoviciana
Tattler:
Gray-tailed, Heteroscelus brevipes
Wandering, Heteroscelus incanus
Teal (see DUCKS)
Tern:
Aleutian, Sterna aleutica
Arctic, Sterna paradisaea
Black, Chlidonias niger
Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana
Bridled, Sterna anaethetus
Caspian, Sterna caspia
Common, Sterna hirundo
Elegant, Sterna elegans
Forster's, Sterna forsteri
Gray-backed, Sterna lunata
Gull-billed, Sterna nilotica
Least, Sterna antillarum
Little, Sterna albifrons
Roseate, Sterna dougallii
Royal, Sterna maxima
Sandwich, Sterna sandvicensis
Sooty, Sterna fuscata
White, Gygis alba
White-winged, Chlidonias leucopterus
Thrasher:
Bendire's, Toxostoma bendirei
Brown, Toxostoma rufum
California, Toxostoma redivivum
Crissal, Toxostoma crissale
Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre
Le Conte's, Toxostoma lecontei
Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre
Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus
Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus
Thrush:
Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola
Blue Rock, Monticola solitarius
Dusky, Turdus naumanni
Eye-browed, Turdus obscurus
Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus
Hawaiian, Phaeornis obscurus
Hermit, Catharus guttatus
Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus
Small Kauai, Phaeornis palmeri
Swainson's, Catharus ustulatus
Varied, Ixoreus naevius
Wood, Hylocichla minima
Tit, Siberian, Parus cinctus
Titmouse:
Bridled, Parus wollweberi
Plain, Parus inornatus
Tufted, Parus bicolor
Towhee:
Abert's, Pipilo aberti
Brown, Pipilo fuscus
Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus
Rufous-sided, Pipilo erythrophthalmus
Tree-Pipit, Olive, Anthus hodgsoni
Trogon:
Eared, Euptilotus neoxenus
Elegant, Trogon elegans
Tropicbird:
Red-billed, Phaethon aethereus
Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda
White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus
Turnstone:
Black, Arenaria melanocephala
Ruddy, Arenaria interpres
Veery, Catharus fuscescens
Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps
Violet-Ear, Green, Colibri thalassinus
Vireo:
Bell's, Vireo bellii
Black-capped, Vireo atricapillus
Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus
Gray, Vireo vicinior
Hutton's, Vireo huttoni
Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus
Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri
Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus
Solitary, Vireo solitarius
Warbling, Vireo gilvus
White-eyed, Vireo griseus
Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons
Vulture:
Black, Coragyps atratus
Turkey, Cathartes aura
Wagtail:
Black-backed, Motacilla lugens
Gray, Motacilla cinerea
White, Motacilla alba
Yellow, Motacilla flava
Warbler:
Adelaide's, Dendroica adelaidae
Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis
Bachman's, Vermivora bachmanii
Bay-breasted, Dendroica castanea
Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia
Black-throated Blue, Dendroica caerulescens
Black-throated Gray, Dendroica nigrescens
Black-throated Green, Dendroica virens
Blackburnian, Dendroica fusca
Blackpoll, Dendroica striata
Blue-winged, Vermivora pinus
Canada, Wilsonia canadensis
Cape May, Dendroica tigrina
Cerulean, Dendroica cerulea
Chestnut-sided, Dendroica pensylvanica
Colima, Vermivora crissalis
Connecticut, Oporornis agilis
Elfin Woods, Dendroica angelae
Golden-cheeked, Dendroica chrysoparia
Golden-crowned, Basileuterus culicivorus
Golden-winged, Vermivora chrysoptera
Grace's, Dendroica graciae
Grasshopper (see Grasshopper-Warbler)
Hermit, Dendroica occidentalis
Hooded, Wilsonia citrina
Kentucky, Oporornis formosus
Kirtland's, Dendroica kirtlandii
Lucy's, Vermivora luciae
MacGillivray's, Oporornis tolmiei
Magnolia, Dendroica magnolia
Mourning, Oporornis philadelphia
Nashville, Vermivora ruficapilla
Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus
Orange-crowned, Vermivora celata
Palm, Dendroica palmarum
Parula (see Parula)
Pine, Dendroica pinus
Prairie, Dendroica discolor
Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea
Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons
Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons
Swainson's, Limnothlypis swainsonii
Tennessee, Vermivora peregrina
Townsend's, Dendroica townsendi
Virgina's, Vermivora virginiae
Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus
Wilson's, Wilsonia pusilla
Worm-eating, Helmitheros vermivorus
Yellow, Dendroica petechia
Yellow-rumped, Dendroica coronata
Yellow-throated, Dendroica dominica
Waterthrush:
Louisiana, Seiurus motacilla
Northern, Seiurus noveboracensis
Waxwing:
Bohemian, Bombycilla garrulus
Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum
Wheatear, Northern, Oenanthe oenanthe
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus
Whip-poor-will, Caprimulgus vociferus
Whistling-Duck (see DUCKS)
Wigeon (see DUCKS)
Willet, Catoptrophorus semipalmatus
Wood-Pewee:
Eastern, Contopus virens
Western, Contopus sordidulus
Woodcock:
American, Scolopax minor
Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola
Woodpecker:
Acorn, Melanerpes formicivorus
Black-backed, Picoides arcticus
Downy, Picoides pubescens
Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis
Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons
Hairy, Picoides villosus
Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis
Ladder-backed, Picoides scalaris
Lewis', Melanerpes lewis
Nuttall's, Picoides nuttallii
Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus
Puerto Rican, Melanerpes portoricensis
Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus
Red-cockaded, Picoides borealis
Red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Strickland's, Picoides stricklandi
Three-toed, Picoides tridactylus
White-headed, Picoides albolarvatus
Woodstar, Bahama, Calliphlox evelynae
Wren:
Bewick's, Thryomanes bewickii
Cactus, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus
Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus
Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus
House, Troglodytes aedon
Marsh, Cistothorus palustris
Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus
Sedge, Cistothorus platensis
Winter, Troglodytes troglodytes
Wryneck, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla
Yellowlegs:
Greater, Tringa melanoleuca
Lesser, Tringa flavipes
Yellowthroat:
Common, Geothlypis trichas
Gray-crowned, Geothlypis poliocephala
