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Rifles, Reloading, Optics, Equipment
Rifles, Bullets, Barrels & Ballistics
110 gr gsc elk bullet
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<blockquote data-quote="Beng" data-source="post: 961003" data-attributes="member: 37512"><p>Heavy for caliber / light for caliber is mainly a question of sectional density.</p><p>When a bullet fragments, it looses sd, when it mushrooms, it looses sectional density as well.</p><p>Sectional density plays an important part in the acceleration affecting an projectile contrary to the direction of flight.</p><p>The formula is:</p><p>a = cw * 1/2 * rho * v² * 1/q</p><p></p><p>a : acceleration (or perhaps I should say deceleration)</p><p>cw : drag coefficient</p><p>rho : density of media penetrated</p><p>q = m / A = sd*4/pi</p><p></p><p>I guess we can see, that increasing the frontal area of a projectile increases the acceleration twofold. Firstly by decreasing the value of q and secondly by increasing it for cw. We can also see, that mass is important too. Decreasing mass either by choosing a light projectile in the first place, or shedding material by fragmentation, increases the acceleration acting upon the projectile as well.</p><p></p><p>When comparing two projectiles, that behave the same way, by either shedding a given percentage of their mass in fragments or by deforming into a mushroom shape, the lighter projectile will always experience a greater acceleration. If we take into account, that lighter projectiles fired from a given cartridge are commonly faster then heavier projectiles, this is even more so.</p><p></p><p>Acceleration contrary to the direction of movement means a "loss" of velocity.</p><p>E = m * v²</p><p>Velocity is taken into account by the power of 2 in the calculation of kinetic energy. For our light bullet loosing it's higher velocity faster than a comparable slower, heavier bullets means, "loosing" energy a lot faster. Energy isn't lost though, it's used to perform work. In our case deforming the bullet and the media the bullet is passing. If the lighter bullet is loosing velocity faster and thus performing more work per time than a heavier bullet with the same amount of energy, this high amount of work will be limited to a shorter distance over which it is done, since the energy is consumed at some point.</p><p>Shorter distance = less penetration.</p><p>The heavier bullet will perform the same amount of work more evenly over a longer distance.</p><p></p><p>Neglecting the exterior ballistic effects of this, I don't intent to say light bullets are bad. But light bullets (low sd) do perform their work over a different way than heavier bullets (high sd). As hunters we have to decide which profile is necessary according to the game we hunt. Meaning what distance there is between the game's near and far side.</p><p></p><p>Whether the bullet is made from one or two materials is absolutely insignificant regarding the physics.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Beng, post: 961003, member: 37512"] Heavy for caliber / light for caliber is mainly a question of sectional density. When a bullet fragments, it looses sd, when it mushrooms, it looses sectional density as well. Sectional density plays an important part in the acceleration affecting an projectile contrary to the direction of flight. The formula is: a = cw * 1/2 * rho * v² * 1/q a : acceleration (or perhaps I should say deceleration) cw : drag coefficient rho : density of media penetrated q = m / A = sd*4/pi I guess we can see, that increasing the frontal area of a projectile increases the acceleration twofold. Firstly by decreasing the value of q and secondly by increasing it for cw. We can also see, that mass is important too. Decreasing mass either by choosing a light projectile in the first place, or shedding material by fragmentation, increases the acceleration acting upon the projectile as well. When comparing two projectiles, that behave the same way, by either shedding a given percentage of their mass in fragments or by deforming into a mushroom shape, the lighter projectile will always experience a greater acceleration. If we take into account, that lighter projectiles fired from a given cartridge are commonly faster then heavier projectiles, this is even more so. Acceleration contrary to the direction of movement means a "loss" of velocity. E = m * v² Velocity is taken into account by the power of 2 in the calculation of kinetic energy. For our light bullet loosing it's higher velocity faster than a comparable slower, heavier bullets means, "loosing" energy a lot faster. Energy isn't lost though, it's used to perform work. In our case deforming the bullet and the media the bullet is passing. If the lighter bullet is loosing velocity faster and thus performing more work per time than a heavier bullet with the same amount of energy, this high amount of work will be limited to a shorter distance over which it is done, since the energy is consumed at some point. Shorter distance = less penetration. The heavier bullet will perform the same amount of work more evenly over a longer distance. Neglecting the exterior ballistic effects of this, I don't intent to say light bullets are bad. But light bullets (low sd) do perform their work over a different way than heavier bullets (high sd). As hunters we have to decide which profile is necessary according to the game we hunt. Meaning what distance there is between the game's near and far side. Whether the bullet is made from one or two materials is absolutely insignificant regarding the physics. [/QUOTE]
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