A guy I hunted with for a long time as a kid told me a story last year about a bear he did not get because of a misfire. The bear was over a moose gut pile of my sons just below the hill a few of us hunt from, Chuck pulled the trigger on him and as soon as he heard the "click" from the firing pin, the bear was out of there like a lightning bolt! Well, he pulled the round out and pitched it, passing it off as having a bad primer. After season was over, not seeing anything to kill the rest of season, he unloaded the rifle and found he had, I believe he said, 30'06 ammo loaded up in the 300wm!! Yep, hunted the whole season with '06 ammo down in the mag and never even knew it!!
I've almost forgotten my ammo at home before, never have had a "mix up" like that though. Could have been serious if it had been a larger bullet than the bore, and it happens quite often, most likely that's exactly what happened here. That extreme of pressure escaping in that amount, in that area, that did that much damage really does point to a bore obstruction!
I'd guess that in the event the case ruptured for what ever reason there would be "more" pressure "on" the top strap portion of the reciever threads that appears to be blown off in the pic had the bolt been locked up, and less pressure on it if there was more of an opening for venting if the bolt wasn't locked up yet. After all, if the barrel swells enough, I'd think it's only logical that the receiver ring would stretch and crack lengthwise at the weakest point and blow off instantly. A serious volume of gas trying to exit backwards through the cracks and holes will at some point never be able to escape fast enough. Drilling a second vent hole in the opposite side of the receiver ring might not be too bad of idea.
Did Burris super glue the objective back on and say it was fixed?
I wonder what they said...